Gas-turbine.



H. HOLZWARTH.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.23. 19

1,113,847. Patented Oct.13,1914.

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GAS TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 23, 1am

1,1133%?" Patented ocmawm 3 SHEETS-SHBETZ l 63 J. {gs

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El g2 r H. HOLZWARTH.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 851N223, 1909.

YUQEESEE Patented Oct. 13,1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3;

fl y f F f '"msrrnn 'srnrns rntrnrrr HANS HQLZWARTH, OF MANNHEIM, GEBJKANY, ASSIGNQR OF ENE-HALF BO JUNGHANS, 0F SCHRAMBER-G, GERMANY.

GAS-TURBIILQE.

misses.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Hens HoLzwAu'rH. subject of the German Emperor, residing at Mannheim, in the Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and useful Inn provements in Gas-Turbines, of which the following is a s iiecification.

This invention relates to an improved arrungemcnt for regulating gas turbines which are driven oy the periodic explosion of ii con'ibustible mixture in a number of so called combustion chambers grouped about the rotor and more particulerly to that type of turbine in which these COIZ1- bustion chambers are first scavenged wit'l'i air after the firing of a charge whereby they become cooled and filled with air, and then a supply of combustible is admitted into the air filled chamber which finnlly, after suitable mixing, is exploded with the air.

In the turbine-'of the present invention.

each combustion chamber is provided with regulating valves for an", combustible and for the products of combustion. The main regulating of the turbine is effected by cutting out that is to say entirely suspending the explosion in one or more of the explosion chambers grouped around the rotor and a finer degree 01" control is possible by regulating the degree of opening of the air and gas inlet valves, end by varying" the proportions of air and to obtain u vary ing strength of mixture. This regulation maybe mitomaticully controlled by a, servomotor or the like.

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chambers is arranged as a nozzle valve between the combustion. chamber and the turbine itself. This valve is for the purposes of the present invention closed during the formation of the explosive mixture in the combustion chamber to prevent the escape of any unburnt combustible, and is errangcd to be opened automatically by the explosion. It is then subsequently "pr-- vented by a special means from closing again for a suiiicient time after the air inlet valve of the combustion chamber has been opened to allow suflicient air to flow in" behind the products of combustion which obtains a.' thorough scavenging of the corn-- bnstion chamber and also acts to sufioiently cool this latter and the turbine itself. The

nozzle rel-s? is then closed end combustible Specification of Letters Est-exit.

inc exhaust valve of the combustion Serial 510. 518,213.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of e turbine showing the various valves applied to the combustion chambers. Fig. 2 is a. sectional view of an inlet valve. Fig. 3 is an outside elevation partly in section of t means for controllingthe degree of opening of the inlet valve shown in Fig. 2. Fig. l shows an alternative construction of inlet valve. Fig. 5 illustrates by way of example a form of servomotor directly controlling the throttle valve for the gas supply.

'eferring to Fig. 1. 8 is the combustion chamber provided wi h the so c .lled nozzle valve 10 adapted to close the psssage 9 leading to the nozzle. The nozzle valve 10' is pressed on itssent by means of a spring 1? acting on a. collar on the valve spindlel lw. This valve spindle is provides with a stop 20 formed for instance with u-centrul slot in which the roller 99 of a lever 2i lies. The lever 21 is connected by menus of a rod 23 with a rocking lever "Fl having :1 roller oi the like at one end adapted to be operated by e-c'ain on the valveshnf-Zt :27. As the distance between the valve shaft 2? controlling the period of opening of tha enheust valve 10 and the stop 20 of the valve spindle 98, is such that rod of considerable length is required, it is necessary in order to obtain smoothness of action, to arrange that the controlling rod 23 should constintly follow the automatic movements of the stop 20, when for instance the valve is suddenly thrust upward by an explosion. For this purpose the spring 22 is used, connected as shown in the manner illustrated in the drawings. The valve 10 is opened the explo sion pressure and then immediately s'literthe .cam guesses beneath i so that the roller 99 arranged at the other end of the system of rods 74, 23, 21, is held up in the catch 9.0 and prevents the valve 10 from again closing until the operating chamber 8 is sufliciently evacuated and scavenged with air. Valves 28, 50 are arranged in each combustion chamber for the purpose of admitting air and combustible respectively into the combustion chamber 8. These valves are controlled from the valve shaft 27 which for this purpose carries cams 26, 96 which act on levers -24, 84:, respectively and which by means of rollers 19, 85, press on the spindles of these inlet valves 28, 50. Special means are provided for controlling the amount of opening of these inlet valves. In one example of construction, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the head of the valve stem 18 carries a ring 52 which has a screw threaded surface. With this engages a correspondingly internally threaded cap 30. This cap 30 carries an arm 53 which is connected by ball and socket joint toa lever arm 32 connected with a piston 31 in a cylinder 5% which is in communication by means of a pipe A with a source of oil or like medium under pressure, the flow of which to the cylinder 54: is controlled by a servomotor. The valve 28 is opened by a cam 26 on the valve shaft 27. which acts upon a roller 56 at one end of a lever 2% so that the roller 19 at the opposite end of the lever 2 1 acts to depress the cap 30 and open the valve. It will be seen that the amount of opening of the valve will depend upon the amount of displacement of the piston 31 in the cylinder 5% The cap 30 upon the screw threaded head 52 of the valve stem 18 is so adjusted that it may be displaced along the part 52 to the full movement of the roller 19 in such a manner that when the piston 31 is displaced'to its full extent to shorten the eilective length of the valve stem, the valve 28 will not be opened at all when the cam 26 acts to lift the roller 56, but the valve will be fully opened when the piston is displaced in the opposite direction to make the valvestezn of a greater eifective length. It will be seen thereforethat by controlling the position of the cap 30 relatively to the valve spindle 18, any desired length of "alve spindle may be obtained. The displacement of the cap 30 relatively to the "valve s indle 18 is generally ell'ected by fluid pressure but it is obvious that it can be cii ectcd by a direct connection. F or instance it may be rotated by pinion gearing or in any other desired manner. The valve 50 illusl rated in detail in Fig 4%, and which may be seen on the right of 1, is in the construction illustrated of similar form to the valve 28. it is to be pointed out that in the present dc at-ion for the pu pose of clearness, the shown in Fig. 2 is described to the air valve 28, while an alternative form of control as shown in Fig. l, is described with reference to the combustible valve 50, but these controls alternatives and can be applied to either the. air valve or the combustible valve as desired.

Referring to Fig. i it will be'seen that the valve spindle 60 carries at its end a cylinder 61 in which slides a piston91. This piston is carried by a piston rod 6 which is hollow. A pipe 63 leads to the source of fluid pressure controlled by the servoinotor. The oil or like medium under pressure may pass through the perforation 64 in the spindle 62 and along the passage 65 to enter the cylinder. It Wlll be seen that the etiective volume of the cylinder can be altered at will and thereby the lift or degree of opening of the valve 50 by the operating cans. 96 on the valve shaft 2?, can be adjusted. in an equivalent manner to the control described with reference to Fig. 2. The air inlet valve 28 as may be seen from Fig. 1, is in communication with the main air inlet passage 100,.while the as inlet valve 50 is in communication wit the main gas inlet passage 101. In certain cases to obtain a particular control, the main supply of gas may be regulated, which regulation however is in dependent of the secondary gas regulation effected by varying the lift or degree of opening of the gas inlet valve. This primary throttling of the gas supplied to the main gas passage 101 which it will be seen effects thesupply of gas to all the valves communicating with the gas passage 101, is obtained by means of a valve 36 (Fig. 5) the degree of opening of which can be ad justed by the corresponding displacen'lent of a piston in a cylinder 102, in the example shown by oil pressure from the servoinotor.

In the example shown in Fig. 5 a servo motor is adapted to control all the automatic hydraulically operated parts. The operation of the servo-motor is controlled by the governor (not shown.) through the rod which is connected by a link 105 to a connecting rod 10-l connected to the controlling piston 103. The movement of the piston 103 allows the pressure medium, such as oil under pressure to flow to either one or the other side of the piston raising or lowering the valve 36 and also. the multiple valve 108 which controls the flow of pressure oil through a series of passages to a number of chambers 109 connected by ipes to respective valves and like parts to e operated automatically. Supposing, for in stance, the lever 35 be depressed about the pivotal center 110 which is on a rod 111 connected to the piston 3d,.then the "dive 103 willhe moved to allow fluid to pass to the underside of the piston 8% which will raise the valve 8% simultaneous P the move of the v lve 108 and tion of the parts controlled thereby. "The upward motion of the piston 3l with its rod 111 will raise this latter with the pivotal point 110 of the lever connected to the rod 35. The point 112 will then act as the center of rotation for the links and the connecting rod will be raised to cause the valve 108 to out 01f again so that the piston 34 comes to a standstill at the desired adjusted position.

It is to be understood that the constructions of valve control, servomotor, and other controlling parts are described above byway of reference only and it is obvious that other suitable equivalent means may be used to efi ect the same purpose. In the ex ample shown in which oil pressure is the controlling medium acing through the, servomotor there is the advantage that should the oil pressure which is indispensable for the entire operation, cease for any reason whereby the bearings fed from tilie same source of oil would be greatly e ldangered, then all the valves controlled by the valve pressure would momentarily bb closed owing to the absence of pressure, and

. consequently the turbine is slowed down or stopped. 3

The action of the turbine is asfollows: Consider ignition to have taken place in one of the explosion chambers 23,- then the shock of thG'QXPlOSlQIl will lift the exhaust nozzle valve 10 and move its Ivalvespindle 98 With the "stop 20 upward against the action of the spring 17 the cam 25 will then immediately pass beneath the roller so that the roller 99 onfthe outer end of the system of rods 74, 23, 21 is held up in the catch 20 whereby. the valve 10 is. prevented from again closing under action of the spring}? vuntil the combustion chamber 8 is sufliciently evacuated and scavenged with air which will now be passing through the valve 28 opened by the cam26. The cam 25 will now allow the. valve 10 to= shut oil the combustion chamber from the turbine and then by means of a further cam 96 the gas inlet valve 50 will be opened. The closing; of the air valve 28 may take place shortly before the opening of the gas inlet valve. The mixing of the gases with the air contained in the explosion chamber 8 now takes place. This process of mixing is very substantially accelerated and improved in that the exhaust valve 10 is now opened momentarily,

preferably during the last part of the period of admission of the gas, by means of the cam $0.011 the valve shaft 27 acting on the roller This re-opening of the exhaust valve 10 allows the air-in the neighborhood of the valve which has not yet been mixed with the gas to be expelled; but the time of opening is so short that no un-burnt combustible can escape. ,After this valve 10 hasagairi been closed a segpnd time ignition will take place. The ignition apparatus...

selves for air has not been illustrated but can be suitably operated by means of a cam on the controlling shaft 27. 'lhe pressure oi the products of combustion now torces open the valve 10 so that the gases flow into the turblue to perform useful work there. The

cycle of operations described above begins again and. once more the valve 10 will be held open long enough for suilicient air for cooling and so on.

As has already been stated the turbine is controlled primarily by a so-callcd pause strength of mixture by opening the gas throttle valve'36 to a greater or less degree. This gas throttling control is necessary as it will be seen that when the succession of explosions is accelerated the duration of the period of gas admission into the air filled combustion chambers will. correspondingly be shortened and less gas would enter l n the coi'nbustion chambers than before. Eihat is to say the mixture would become poor.

ma weakening of the mixture would not only tend to counteract the intended regulation butwould also act to diminish the ethcicncy of the turbine because the pressure developed by the explosions would no longer correspond to the dimensions of the nozzles. lhe throttle valve is therefore ar raiwed to be controlled so thatthe strength of nixture is always a correct one to ob tain an eiiioient operation of the turbine at any given speed. Thisthrottiing allows the F/fessure of the gas introduced into the main asl'passage to be suitably increased when {the explosions take place in more rapid succession, and to be suitably diminished when the succession of explosions is slower. Also of course the gas inlet valves to the combustion chambers could be held open considerably longerdn the case of more rapid succession. In the primary regulation by cutting out one or, more of the explosion chambers the air supply will be shut oil? synchronously with the shutting off of the gas supply to a chamber, whereby a very considerable economy in compression work is obtained. Further in the event of a sudden strong relieving of the load for instance by a short circuit of the dynamo which is being driven by the gasturbine or by any other like cause, the introduction of the air and the gas will be gradually shut ofi' to obtain a very safe regulation.

I declare that what I claim is 1. A gas turbine consisting of a rotor,

a combustion chamber, means for leading the products of combustion to said rotor,

and combustible in the com-- for the necessary time, a rotary controlling busbion chamber, controllin gear for the said valves, evolve in the c ember for the products of combustion, adopted to be opened the pressure of the exploded gases and means for holding it open for the requisite time.

2. A gas turbine consisting of i1 rotor, e combustiouchember, melons for leading the products of combustion to seidiiotor, valves for air and combustible in the-combustion chamber, controlling gear ior the said valves, a valve in the chamber for the prodnets of combustion, adapted to be opened by the pressure of the exploded gases, means for holding open the said valve for the necesscry time, andmeans for opening the said valve e second time, I

3. A as turbineconsisting of a rotor, a combustion chamber, means for leading the products of combustion to said rotor, valves lorair and combustible in the combustion chamber, controlling gear "for the said valves, a valve in the chamber for the products of combustion, adopted to be opened by the pressure of the exploded gases, means for holding open said spring loaded valve shaft and means provided on the said shaft for opening the said valve 21 second time.

A gas turbine consisting '01 a rotor, combustion chamber, means for leading the prod cts of combustion to said-rotor, valves for air and combustible in the combustion chamber, controlling gear for the said valves, a spring loaded valve in the chambet for the products of combustion, adapted to be opened by the pressure of the exploded gases, means fof positively holding it open for the requisite time, and positive means for forcing open the valve a second time.

5. A gas turbine consisting of e rotor, a combustion chamber, means for leading the products of combustion to said rotor, valves for air and combustible in the combustion chamber, controlling gear for the said valves, a member of variable length between said valves and said controlling gear, a valve in the chamber for the products of combustion. adapted to be opened by the pressure of the exploded gases and means for holding it open for the requisite time.

A gas turbine consisting of a rotor, o

b, combustion chamber means for leading the products of combustion to said rotor vulves I i'or an and combustible 1n the combustion 1 controlling gear, hy-

chamber, controlling eer valves, a member of said valves and said droulicallv operated means iifor varying the length of said member, a spying loaded valve in the chamber for the products of combustion, adapted to be opened by the pressure of :r'or holding it open for the requisite or.

7. A gas turbine consistin oz" a rot-or, a combustion chamber, means ior leading the roducts of combustion to said rotor, valves or nil" and combustible in the combustion chamber, controlling gear ior the said valves,

t 'me s member of variable length between said valves and said controlling gear, hydrouh' colly operated means for varying length of: said member, distributor under the action oi the governor of the turbine for controlling the said hydraulically operated nieens, c spring loaded valve in the charm her for the products of combustion, adapted. to be opened by the pressure of the esploded gases and means for holding it open for the requisite time.

8. A gas turbine consisting oi e IOifil",t combustion chamber, means for leading the products of combustion to said rotor, uutomatically closing volv s for air and combos tible in the combustion chamber, gear for opening the said valves, means for disconnecting said gear and valves when the movement of the said gear is interrupted, a

valve in the chamber for the products of cmnbustion, adopted to be opened by the pressure of the exploded gases, and means for holding it open for the requisite time,

9. A gas turbine consistingof a rotor, 11 plurality of combustion chambers, means for leading the products of combustion to the said rotor, valves for oil and combustible in each combustion chamber, controlling gear for the said valves. u valve in each chamber for the productsof combustion, adapted to be opened by the pressure of the the exploded gases and means exploded gases and means for holding it open for the re p1i1red time.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name this 11 day of September 1909, in the presence of two subscribing wit- .;ses.

HANS HOLZVVARTH. Witnesses i N. 5?. SCHMIDT,

FRANZ PETER ll'iiorns, 11. 

